ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the perception and sensory acceptance of sweet taste by individuals who work/study on different shifts. Methods Three groups of individuals were recruited: the Control group (individuals that study during the day and do not work at night), Group 1 (individuals that study in the evening) and Group 2 (individuals that work overnight). The individuals were submitted to a detection threshold test using sucrose solutions and a sensory acceptance test using a structured hedonic scale and a Just-About-Right scale for sweet taste in blancmange. Results The detection thresholds were significantly higher for Groups 1 and 2. Individuals of Group 2 had a preference by blancmanges when having high sucrose concentrations, as well as had an ideal concentration of 10.50% sucrose against 5.95% sucrose for the Control group. Conclusion Our study shows a relationship between changes in the circadian cycle and the sensory perception and acceptance of sweet taste. More studies need to be performed to understand such relationships and their repercussions better.
RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção e a aceitação sensorial do gosto doce por indivíduos que trabalham/estudam em diferentes turnos. Métodos Foram recrutados três grupos de indivíduos: Grupo Controle (indivíduos que estudam durante o dia e não trabalham à noite), Grupo 1 (indivíduos que estudam à noite) e Grupo 2 (indivíduos que trabalham de madrugada). Os indivíduos foram submetidos ao teste de limiar de detecção utilizando soluções de sacarose e aos testes de aceitação sensorial utilizando escala hedônica estruturada e escala do ideal para o gosto doce em manjar branco. Resultados Os limiares de detecção foram significativamente maiores para os Grupos 1 e 2, sendo certo que os indivíduos do Grupo 2 tiveram preferência pelos manjares com altas concentrações de sacarose, assim como apresentaram uma concentração ideal de 10,50% de sacarose contra 5,95% de sacarose para o grupo Controle. Conclusão Este estudo mostra uma relação entre mudanças no ciclo circadiano e a percepção e a aceitação sensorial do gosto doce, mostrando que estudos mais aprofundados precisam ser realizados para entender melhor tais relações e suas repercussões.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Sensory Thresholds/physiology , Sucrose/metabolism , Taste Perception/physiology , Circadian Rhythm/physiologyABSTRACT
El sueño adecuado es necesario para el desarrollo sináptico y la maduración cerebral, un sueño de mala calidad tiene efectos perjudiciales en las funciones cognitivas, de atención, memoria y conducta de los niños. La preocupación sobre la alta prevalencia de los problemas del sueño es amplia en todo el mundo; las consecuencias de estos problemas son incluso más importantes en los niños portadores de trastornos del neurodesarrollo; estos niños a menudo tienen dificultades de inicio y mantenimiento del sueño y despertares nocturnos frecuentes que afectan a sus problemas de conducta. El propósito de este escrito es revisar el estado del arte de los problemas del sueño en los niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo. En este punto, es importante tener en cuenta el ritmo circadiano, un reloj que genéticamente dirige los ritmos celulares de transcripción, traslación y metabolismos. Este reloj se combina con el ambiente diurno y nocturno coordinando estos mecanismos durante los ciclos luz/oscuridad, sueño/vigilia, frío/calor, ingesta/ayuno, tanto diariamente como en las diferentes estaciones. En conclusión, los problemas del sueño son un factor condicionante de la evolución y calidad de vida de los niños con trastornos del neurodesarrollo, que debe ser tenido en cuenta en todos los casos y ocupar un lugar preferente tanto en la etapa diagnóstica como en la terapéutica.
Adequate sleep is of critical need for a typical synaptic development and brain maturation, a poor quality sleep can have detrimental effects on children's' cognitive attention, memory, mood regulation, and behavior functions. Great concern has been voiced out regarding the high prevalence of poor sleep in children worldwide, the effects of poor sleep may be even more pronounced in children with neurodevelopmental disorders; these children often have difficulties with falling and staying asleep and with night awakenings, this has a strong association with daytime behavior problems. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the state of the science of sleep in children with a neurodevelopmental disorder. In this context, it is important to take the circadian cycle into account, a genetically encoded clock that drives cellular rhythms of transcription, translation and metabolism. The circadian clock interacts with the diurnal and nocturnal environment that also drives transcription and metabolism during light/dark, sleep/wake, hot/cold and feast/fast daily and seasonal cycles In conclusion, the sleep problems are a conditioning factor in the evolution and quality of life of children with neurodevelopmental disorders that must be taken into account in all cases and occupy a preferential place in both the diagnostic and the therapeutic stages.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Neurodevelopmental Disorders/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy , Circadian Rhythm/physiology , Smith-Magenis Syndrome/physiopathology , Circadian Clocks , Autism Spectrum Disorder/physiopathology , Sleep Hygiene/physiologyABSTRACT
Pulsatile drug delivery systems are developed to deliver drug according to circadian behavior of diseases. This means that these systems will deliver drug at time when disease display it’s most morbid and mortal state within a circadian cycle (24 hrs.). The product follow a sigmoidal drug release profile characterized by a time period of no release (lag time) followed by a rapid and complete drug release. Thus drug can be delivered at right time, in right amount and at right site of action by use of such approach. The potential benefits of chronotherapeutics have been investigated and established for number of diseases like asthma, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, epilepsy, hypertension, ulcer, hypercholesterolemia etc. Various capsular, osmotic, single and multiple unit systems that are modulated by soluble or erodible polymer coatings, rupturable membranes are available in market. These systems are beneficial for diseases showing chronopharmacological behavior where night time dosing is required or for the drugs having high first pass effect or having site specific absorption in GIT, or for drugs with high risk of toxicity or tolerance. These systems also improve patient compliance by decreasing dosing frequency.
ABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio transversal con el objetivo de establecer la relación existente entre los trastornos del sueño y la Hipertensión Arterial. La muestra estuvo formada por el total de pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes a tres consultorios médicos del Policlínico Universitario Turcios Lima en el municipio de Pinar del Río, en el periodo comprendido de enero 2006 a diciembre de 2006. Para dicho estudio se aplicó una encuesta donde se recogen datos relacionados con los trastornos del sueño más frecuentes que presentaban los pacientes. Se utilizó el método estadístico de la prueba de hipótesis de comparación de proporciones para los niveles de significación hasta 1%. Se obtuvo como resultado un elevado por ciento (81,07%) de pacientes con trastornos del sueño, el insomnio y el ronquido resultaron los trastornos más frecuentes, un tercio de los pacientes refirió síntomas subjetivos de apnea obstructiva del sueño y la mitad de los pacientes ingerían psicofármacos para dormir.
A cross-sectional study was aimed at establishing the relationship between the sleeping disorders and the high blood pressure. The sample was comprised of the total of hypertensive patients attending to three medical offices belonging to"Turcios Lima" Teaching Policlinic in Pinar del Rio municipality between January- December 2006. A survey was applied for compiling the data related to the most frequent sleeping disorders in patients .The statistical method of the hypothesis testing of comparison of proportions was used with significant levels up 1%.It was obtained a high percentage of patients with sleeping disorders (81, 07) being insomnia and snore the most frequent disorders presented, a third of patients had subjective symptoms of obstructive sleeping apnea and the half of patients used sleeping drugs.
ABSTRACT
Circadian timing is structured in such a way as to receive information from the external and internal environments, and its function is the timing organization of the physiological and behavioral processes in a circadian pattern. In mammals, the circadian timing system consists of a group of structures, which includes the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the intergeniculate leaflet and the pineal gland. Neuron groups working as a biological pacemaker are found in the SCN, forming a biological master clock. We present here a simple model for the circadian timing system of mammals, which is able to reproduce two fundamental characteristics of biological rhythms: the endogenous generation of pulses and synchronization with the light-dark cycle. In this model, the biological pacemaker of the SCN was modeled as a set of 1000 homogeneously distributed coupled oscillators with long-range coupling forming a spherical lattice. The characteristics of the oscillator set were defined taking into account the Kuramoto's oscillator dynamics, but we used a new method for estimating the equilibrium order parameter. Simultaneous activities of the excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the elements of the circadian timing circuit at each instant were modeled by specific equations for synaptic events. All simulation programs were written in Fortran 77, compiled and run on PC DOS computers. Our model exhibited responses in agreement with physiological patterns. The values of output frequency of the oscillator system (maximal value of 3.9 Hz) were of the order of magnitude of the firing frequencies recorded in suprachiasmatic neurons of rodents in vivo and in vitro (from 1.8 to 5.4 Hz).